Monday, November 12, 2007

Running My First Console Job

Last week I got to play Task Team Leader (TTL) for a console job. This meant I was in charge of coordinating with the Orbiter Test Conductor (OTC), Quality (QC), and the Technicians in the field. My role included talking on the net, monitoring the flow of the gaseous nitrogen (GN2) in the Ground Service Equipment (GSE) from the console computer, and commanding the solenoid valves.

During cart loading the week before we were having issues with one of the valves opening. It could have been a metering valve or a solenoid valve. The metering valve is person controlled right on the GSE where as the solenoid valve is controlled from the firing room through operator commands. These can be set to a sequencer to open and close at certain times which are more precise than what a human could do. Which is pretty important when you are dealing with hpypergolics. We were not sure which valve was having issues so we needed to route a flex hose from the metering valve to a gage on the other side of the solenoid. When we broke into the line at the metering valve and it was shown to be working we disconnected and tried using the solenoid. As it turns out it was working also. It must have just been a fluke in the system. There have not been too many problems with the solenoid valves so it is harder to figure out what the problem is. Could be that the magnetic pickups are gummed up. It will be something to look further into for the next loading.

Friday, November 9, 2007

Discovery Landing

On Wednesday 06 Nov. Discovery touched down at Kennedy Space Center at 13:01:18 (just as projected) from it's 15 day mission to the International Space Station. I was watching the live feed on NASA Tv all day up until landing eagerly waiting to see what would happen. I was absolutely astounded and couldn't help but laugh when I heard the controllers announce to the crew that they would begin to decelerate from Mach 22 to Mach 11. In less than an hour the orbiter screamed across North America from north-west Canada to central Florida.

At about 1250 I made my way outside (with almost everyone else in my building) to watch the bird land. For the first time ever, I got to hear the double sonic booms from re-entry. They were loud enough to set off car alarms in the parking lot.





I put in to get into the raffle to watch the landing from the runway but didn't win. So I was a little bitter that I would not be able to see Discovery in all her glory post landing. Much to my surprise on Thursday morning she was sitting outside Bay 3 waiting to get docked. Apparently there were some issues but I don't know the extent of them. I do know there were some issues later in the day when she was getting towed in. The system is measured by a laser. If the measurements are even a fraction of an inch off base the orbiter will be backed out of the bay and brought back in. NASA's misfortune made out for a great photo-op for me.



Tuesday, November 6, 2007

Launch Complex 31/32 and 34

I was bored over the weekend and found myself looking up urban myths about the shuttle program. One in particular caught my eye about Challenger and it got me thinking: Where is Challenger now? So I did some further research and found out that it is buried about 80 feet deep in an decommissioned minute-man missile silo at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Launch Complex 31/32 to be exact. So I decided to take a trip Cape side after work and see what I could find.

Unfortunately when I got to LC 31/32 there was no sign of anything related to Challenger. No buildings, no visible placards of any kind (I say visible because now that I know exactly where it is, I am going to go back to check it out), no fences or gates...nothing. It was just about what I expected an abandoned missile silo to be: abandoned. I would have expected there to be some kind of access to the orbiter or some kind of climate controlled structure. The area hadn't been used in decades and nature had begun taking the land back over. From the landscape I assumed I must have been in the wrong place. I was probably in the right area, maybe just looking in the wrong place. When I got back home I did some further research and found out that the first silo I stopped at was the silo which entombed Challenger (according to Google Earth). So now that I know where I am (presumably) supposed to go I will have to make another trip out there.

The trip was not a complete waste. I had been out to Launch Complex 34 before but did not have my camera with me. For those that do not know, Launch Complex 34 is where Apollo 1 burned up on the launch pad. The only other manned launch from the complex was Apollo 7. I do not want to say that it was eerie being there but it was. And it was extremely surreal. I do not have a whole lot to say about it other than it is a pretty peaceful place right next to the ocean. One of those places you can go to just think about life.

The launch pad and mobile flame trenches to the left:




Monday, November 5, 2007

Launch Countdown Simulation

Today we performed S0044 -- "Launch Countdown Simulation" for STS-122. During S0044 the launch team for each group sits on console and the countdown clock is started at T-20 minutes. The teams watch their simulated status and report any problems which occur and have to give a recommendation on holding the clock at the next milestone (usually T-9 minutes), scrub the launch if the problem cannot be resolved, or to decide if the problem will not inhibit launch or countdown.

For the APU team, there was a fuel pressure sensor which failed but a troubleshooting plan corrected the problem and there was no need to hold the countdown. For the SRB Hydraulics team, something similar happened but they would have had to scrub the launch because a technician would have had to enter the aft skirt of the SRB to assess the problem.

There are two sessions of S0044, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. The prime launch team comes in for the morning run where there is also a bonus round where they just dish out issues with your group but there is no troubleshooting. Just a decision on whether you would still be good for launch or not. The afternoon is used more for training for those that are not on the prime launch team (like myself!).

Wednesday, October 31, 2007

APU/HUP Cart Loading

Yesterday we loaded the fuel carts at the fuel farm on Pad 39B so that they can be transfered to the Pad 39A service structure to fuel Atlantis when it arrives there in the next couple of weeks. The process is fairly straight forward but for some reason, last night, anything that could go wrong, did.

The carts are uncovered during the walk down before the job and the area is inspected for safety issues as well as to make sure everything is in order and accessible for the technicians when they are out there doing the work. The job is done in SCAPE which is a self contained atmospheric suit which the techs wear to protect them from extremely corrosive, cancer-causing, hydrazine vapors.

The proper connections are made from the facility to the carts via flexhoses and the system is tested with gaseous nitrogen (GN2) in the event of any leaks. When the GN2 is purged from the system the hydrazine begins to flow from a fuel truck that is brought in a few days before. When all is said and done, the process can take roughly 8 hours to fill up the 5 carts (3 APU carts and 2 HPU carts).

** I should note that the HPU carts are for the Hydraulic Power Units which are in the solid rocket boosters and are the counter part to the auxiliary power units in the orbiter**

Last night was full of unfortunate events. From missing papers to batteries dying in flashlights were just some of the minor things. There was a leak in one of the hoses which was detected during the GN2 flow and needed to be fixed. Those were the biggest things to happen before I left at 2100. One of the few good scales we had began acting up, probably because of the rain, and a few other things kept the job from running smoothly. From what I heard, the guys that stayed later were not done until about 0430 this morning. But now the carts are full and, for the most part, ready to be transported to the Pad.

Tuesday, October 23, 2007

Launch Day!

As of yesterday afternoon there was a 60% chance of launch delay. I worked an overnight shift 1700 - 0130 EDT and we did some tests on the orbiter and boosters. We made sure that the program panels were set for the launch and the safing switches were in position in the event of an emergency. I came back to my apartment to get a couple hours of sleep and headed back down to work at 0800.

I was keeping tabs on the weather radar and had a live stream on my computer for NASA TV while I was sitting at my desk. The weather was looking great despite the poor forecast. Low level rain clouds were predicted for the day but it turned out to be scattered at a relatively high level. A fairly perfect day to launch a rocket. OV103 - Discovery took of as scheduled at 1138 in the morning to deliver the Harmony module to the International Space Station.





Sunday, October 21, 2007

Material Reviews and The Coming Week

I went in to work yesterday to help close some older papers. The first one I tackled was a material review (MR). Basically, there were a bunch of problem reports (PR) taken out on one of the pieces of ground service equipment (GSE) but the problem is that the panel became obsolete and was replaced by a new panel. The panel, know as the -613 panel, provided an interface to flow gaseous nitrogen (GN2), gaseous helium (GHe), and fuel for the orbiter. One of the main problems is that a couple of the supports were becoming corroded and needed to be fixed. Also, the rotating service structure (RSS) had been modified and at the time the old panels were temporarily removed but when the modification was complete the new panels were put into service. So in the end these old service panels are sitting around with little to no use. But as mentioned in another post, you can't do ANYTHING on the space center without a piece of paper saying you can do it.

The MR that I wrote stated, but in a more official manner, what I just described above and went into further detail on how it poses some serious safety issues and it would not be cost effective to reinstall the panels. It was requested that the panels be 'abandoned in place' and later scrapped for parts. The MR has to go through a review board and approved by Boeing and NASA.

Not very exciting, but it's what I do.

Saturday marked the start of the countdown for STS-120. At 1400 EDT the clock started ticking down. It also marked the start of the S0007 (pronounced soo-seven), which is the shuttle launch procedure book. There are about 6 seperate books that deal with S0007 based on where the count down is (i.e. T-48 hrs to T-43 hrs). At this point personnel are on console for pretty much the duration of the countdown until launch performing tests, checks, purges, and other things to get the shuttle ready to go.

Tomorrow I will be working 1700 to about 0100 or 0200 and we will be doing what is known as BITE tests on the solid rocket boosters (SRB) and the orbiter. With a BITE test, the system is started, without really being started and runs through all of its processes to check for any kind of malfunctions.

There is a mandatory minimum of 8 hours between shifts. Which means if I leave at 0100, I cannot come back to work until 0900. Which kind of sucks because I have to drive all the way back to Daytona, sleep for a few hours, and then head back to work for the launch. I really haven't figured out what I'm going to do yet. But it should be interesting. I do have a strong hunch that the launch is going to be delayed. The weather does not look too promising for Tuesday. So we'll see.

Wednesday, October 17, 2007

Auxiliary Power Units

There hasn't been a whole lot of exciting stuff going on. Mostly just writing closures and putting run books together for the launch next week. So here we are, 6 posts deep and it's evident what department I work in but it was never really explained what the system does. So here you go...

The auxiliary power unit (APU) is a hydrazine fueled, turbine driven power unit which produces mechanical shaft power to a hydraulic pump which produces pressure for the orbiter's hydraulic system. There are three APUs on the orbiter. Located in the aft compartment of the orbiter, APUs 1 and 2 are located on the left side and APU 3 is on the right. The three systems are identical but independent.

Each fuel system supplies stored liquid hydrazine to the fuel pump, gas generator valve module, and gas generator. The fuel decomposes extremely rapidly in a catalytic action. The resulting gas is used to drive a two-stage turbine. The gas returns over the the gas chamber to cool it down and then exits through exhaust ports on the top of that aft of the orbiter.

The lube oil of each APU is circulated through a heat exchanger in a respective water spray boiler which cool the lube oil systems. The hydraulic fluid sees the same process to cool it as well.

The APU system is started 5 minutes before launch and remains online through the launch and until the first orbital maneuvering system (OMS) thrusting period where they are shut down until the orbiter is ready to make a return to Earth. During launch the hydraulic fluid powered by the APU applies pressure to actuators for thrust vectoring by gimbaling of the three main engines, supplies load relief to the elevons during the ascent phase, and retracts the fuel and oxidizer umbilicals from the external tank when it is ready to be jettisoned.

About a day before deorbit, one APU is restarted to support checkout of the flight controls which include the elevons, rudder, speed brake, and body flap. The other two APUs are restarted after the deorbit and function through entry, landing, and landing rollout for hydraulic pressure for positioning of the aerosurfaces during atmospheric flight, deployment of the landing gear, brakes, anti-skid, nose wheel steering, and positioning of the three main engines.

The fuel tanks hold about 325 pounds of hydrazine which is enough for the 90 minutes per mission the APUs would normally operate with reserve in the event of an abort once around when the APUs would be active for 120 minutes. They consume about 3 pounds of fuel per hour.





Technical data collected from: http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/sts-apu.html

Pictures from: http://www.columbiassacrifice.com/&0_shttlovrvw.htm

Saturday, October 13, 2007

The Confidence Run

On Wednesday with did OV103's (Discovery) confidence run. This is where we actually turn on and run the APU to make sure there won't be any issues for the launch. I went in to do the walk down in the morning to make sure that the exhaust plugs on Discovery were taken out. The job is run and monitored from the firing room and it is all a matter of pushing a few buttons. Each APU was run for about 5 minutes at regular speed and then for about 15 seconds on high speed. The exhaust from the APU is mostly ammonia. You can kind of see the vapors being ejected when the APU first starts but after a few bursts, you do not see it after about half a minute. So to monitor it there is also a thermal camera pointed at the Orbiter. And since the exhaust is about 900 degrees, you can see it pretty well on the thermal camera.

After the walk down was complete the Rotating Service Structure had to be rolled open to so that the exhaust did no pollute the platforms where the ports were. The RSS moves pretty slow so it does not damage any flight hardware but when its fully open, it is a beautiful sight.





Very rarely is the RSS open. Really the only time it is open for any extended period is a day or two before launch. So this was an occasion I wanted to be around for. I got a couple pictures in the morning before my battery died and then used my lunch break to take my good camera up and get some more, better shots.





Tuesday, October 9, 2007

Problem Reports and Closures

Going back to another post with saying that EVERYTHING gets documented, today I did my first closures on some Problem Reports. A Problem Report documents a discrepancy on a piece of equipment and steps to fix it. The closure is basically just a summary of the report and a conclusion. It states the problem, what was done to fix it, and the end result. The ones I wrote were for failed GN2 samples and a leaky valve. Simple stuff that was fixed by re-sampling the GN2 and tightening the valve. Pretty basic stuff, but you have to start somewhere.

Today was the first time I got to up my unescorted access to use. I only ran some papers to the firing room for signatures and then delivering them to the Pad. Yet another surreal moment as I sat in my car...alone...and stared at the shuttle sitting pretty on the launch pad. I love my job.

Tomorrow is a dress rehearsal for the launch. I am working on being able to sit in on the job, but I'm not sure what it entails for our group. There is going to be the confidence run on Thursday, which is what I'm really looking forward too because it will be the first time I get to see the APUs fired up. For the confidence run, the RSS has to be rolled back. Hopefully I can get some time to go out and get some good shots of the shuttle.

Monday, October 8, 2007

Hey! Two For One! Over the weekend...

This passed weekend was fuel loading for the APU and HPU. The HPU (Solid Rocket Boosters) was done on Saturday and is, from what I understand, a pretty quick job. I wouldn't know because I was not there. I only got approved for extra time for Sunday which was the APU (Orbiter) loading. Which is fine and dandy with me because on Sundays, I make double...but this job is soooo not about the money. It is a plus though. The APUs take a bit longer. It is said that it can take 12+ hours for the loading. On Sunday it took about 11 if you include the time we had to wait before we actually began flowing fuel. I only stayed for 10.

The process is fairly simple. It just takes a long time. First we have to get whatever fuel is left in the tank from the last flight out. The APUs use Hydrazine. In another post, I'll explain how it works. When all of the fuel is out we fill it back up. It is the easiest way to keep track of how much is loaded. In this case, we had to load 356 lbs. Typically is lower but in this case we had to load 26 lbs more to do a confidence run (a test run where on the ground where the APUs are fired up and operate for a given time to make sure they will be a-ok for flight). Next we pressurize the GN2 (gaseous nitrogen) bladder which applies pressure on the hydrazine to force it out since gravity is of little use in space. Once those parts are complete you have to do leave checks to make sure you won't lose anything. Then there is some clean up and then disconnection of the QDs (quick disconnects (fuel lines)).

The GN2 is fed from the facility. Another project of mine for the semester is to process a new piece of equipment which would allow us to pressurize GN2 on the go. At the moment the GN2 is still connected because we will have to re-pressurize after the confidence run. It is connected to the RSS (rotating service structure) which pivots around on the pad to allow access to the Orbiter and installation of the payload into the payload bay.

All around a good day. It started off where we might have had to put off the operation because of inclimate weather but 5 minutes before the drop dead time of 12pm it cleared up and we were good to go. There was some radio problems later on but that was the extent of the bad juju.

Saturday, October 6, 2007

The First Couple Days

I made it into the office on the third day of my orientation. I got there just in time to get introduced to the team and sit in on the morning meeting. To my surprise, I was not the only new person around. All together, the person in the group with the most experience, the team specialist, has only 3 years experience. I was, for the most part, instantly welcomed. A lot of people joked saying I should probably know how to make coffee and take some heat. That really wasn't the case. Sure I did a bit of go-for and some light work but it was kind of expected. Most of the stuff I started out with was database work. Making some spread sheests for the team to reflect some important information they needed allocated into a single place. And (with much thanks to my physics and experimental aerodynamics labs) I'm pretty good with Excel and could breeze through anything they gave me.

Now I am taking on some heavier work now that I know the system a bit more. There is a lot of stuff to know about the different types of paperwork. There is a different procedure for everything you want to do. And if you want to do something, you better have some paper that authorizes you to do it. EVERYTHING is documented and made official. Good thing they use recycled paper. Currently I am updating OMIs (Operation and Maintenance Instructions). For everything that gets processed on the Orbiter, there is instructions on how to do it. That's what these are. When the group runs the book, they often find things that are wrong, or should be updated to make the operation run more effectively. So in order to make a change to the book, you have to write a Deviation (Dev.). When you get so many deviations things can get messy. So every once in a while someone will sit down and incorporate these deviations and "red lines" through the book, into a new draft and so that the OMI can be sent of to OMD (Operation and Maintenance Documentation) and OMD will make their own revisions and approve the document for release and it can be used for the future. Then the process starts over again.

Orientation

I work in the Auxiliary Power Units (APU) group and we handle processing for the APUs for the three orbiters, and the HPUs (Hydraulic Power Units) which are on each of the Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) as well as maintaining the Ground Service Equipment (GSE).

To kick this off I started my co-op 27 Aug 2007. I met with the other co-ops and new hires at the off-site facility in Cape Canaveral before we started the processing to begin work and to get my company identification badge. The very first thing to be taken care of was ELSA (Emergency Life Support Apparatus) Training. This is a annual procedure and in my opinion, when the first thing you do on the very first day is emergency breathing apparatus training, you know you are in for something big. Next, we moved on to filling out the paperwork and setting up employee profiles and began the preliminary training on the computer systems and some general rules. From there we broke up and moved out to the work site(s). Not before picking up yet another ID badge, this one for Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS).

I had specific direction to follow as there were only a couple gates open for entrance to Kennedy Space Center because of the strike that was going on. At this point I am driving north on State Road 3 toward the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) which is one of the largest buildings in the world (525 feet tall, 716 feet long, 518 feet wide, covers 8 acres, and encloses 129,428,000 cubic feet) and this thing seems to get infinitely bigger and bigger as I get closer and closer.



I had (and still have) trouble believing that any of this is happening. I have gotten passed the security gate (which was something I've wanted to do since my first trip to the Space Center when I was really young. I am staring at the infamous 209 x 110 foot American Flag along the side and what is known as the NASA 'Meatball' and I'm just in complete awe.

I make it to the security gate on site (which is just outside the VAB, by the way) to get my access badges and move on to the training building. At the training building I met up with the coordinator and because I was the only co-op for the department, I was the only one in this building to watch what could have been the most boring videos I have ever seen. Everything from Flight Hardware handling to the emergency procedures from almost EVERY FREAKIN BUILDING ON SITE. Sweet God, I do not think there was a point in my life where time was down to a crawl and I wanted to rip my hair out....I did this for the next day and a half....

By Wednesday the 29th I was deemed ready to move on to the office. My manager came to collect me and walk me over. The office I work in was at first sight, the epiiome of the corporate office world. I could't help but think of Office Space and the Terry Tate: Office Linebacker commercials



But it was pretty much anything but. The environment is really casual and the people I work with are cool and really down to Earth. They were all very welcoming and I felt at home. It probably helps that two of the people I work with also went to my school.

All-in-all, not a bad experience. So far I have been there a little over a month and there isn't a day that goes by where I dread going to work.